Automatic control: the vertebral column of dogfish sharks behaves as a continuously variable transmission with smoothly shifting functions

Automatic control: the vertebral column of dogfish sharks behaves as a continuously variable transmission with smoothly shifting functions.

During swimming in dogfish sharks, Squalus acanthias, both the intervertebral joints and the vertebral centra undergo significant strain. To investigate this system, unique among vertebrates, we cyclically bent isolated segments of 10 vertebrae and nine joints. For the first time in the biomechanics of fish vertebral columns, we simultaneously characterized non-linear elasticity and viscosity t...

Control of a Continuously Variable Transmission System

This paper proposed control strategies for the modern mechatronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) System using three different techniques; The Ziegler-Nichols, Linear Quadratic and Pole-Placement methods. The results of the system responses of the designed control schemes were successfully simulated using MATLAB. Comparing the results showed that controller implemented using the Pole-P...

Design of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) with Metal Pushing Belt and Variable Pulleys

Nowadays, automakers have invested in new technologies in order to improve the efficiency of their products. Giant automakers have taken an important step toward achieving this objective by designing continuously variable transmission systems (CVT) to continuously adapt the power of the engine with the external load according to the optimum efficiency curve of e...

Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Full Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission

Multi-objective Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with Power-split Continuously Variable Transmission

This paper aims to find the efficient state of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by simultaneous optimization of the control strategy and the power train. The power transmission employed in this vehicle is a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) which uses several fixed ratio mechanisms. After describing this transmission, the rules of electric assist control strategy are introduced....